A fire breaks out in buildings, especially in high-rise and high-rise buildings that are appearing more and more often today, carries a great danger for their users. The smoke generated in the combustion process poses the greatest risk, which is spreading at tremendous speed throughout the building. The basic goal in a fire hazard situation is to ensure the evacuation of building users and to enable the firefighting operation to be carried out. To enable the implementation of these tasks, it is first of all necessary to ensure appropriate conditions on escape routes, especially in terms of visibility and the presence of toxic substances. The evacuation action begins on the first floor, where the source of the fire was detected. The users of this floor follow the evacuation corridors, through fire atriums, on staircases, with which they leave the danger zone. Both horizontal and vertical escape routes should therefore be protected against smoke. In addition, even a small amount of smoke, which would make its way from the storey covered by the fire to the adjacent storeys, could cause panic among their users, leading to the initiation of simultaneous, uncontrolled escape of users of several storeys. As a result, chaos and crowds on escape routes would make it impossible to carry out an evacuation and the intervention of emergency services. To avoid such a situation, it is necessary to use appropriate fire protection systems for the building. These systems must take into account all hazards arising from the physico-chemical properties of the smoke, among other things, have adequate resistance to high temperature.